Physics is the study of nature. We are trying to work out what the rules are, that make our universe work the way it does. And the main clues to these rules, are based upon observation of the world around us. This endeavour makes physics the fundamental science—it underpins all other pure and applied sciences as well as most areas of engineering and medicine. ‘How’ and ‘why’ are important questions for the Physicist – knowing that something happens is not good enough. Physics explores such questions as “Why is the sky blue?”; “What makes the sun shine and what will happen when the sun dies?”; “What is matter made of?”; “How do forces push and pull?”; “How did the universe begin and will it ever end?”.