Biology

Course summary

Biology is a vital area of study in the 21st century. In a world where rapid change is threatening the survival of many species, we need to be mindful of the existing challenges we face as a global community and capable of acting on those challenges. Biological Molecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Protein • DNA and RNA • DNA replication • ATP • Water • Inorganic ions Cells • Cell structure • Structure of prokaryotic cells and viruses • Methods of studying cells • All cells arise from other cells • Transport across cell membranes • Cell recognition and the immune system Organisms exchange substances with their environment • Surface area to volume ratio • Gas exchange • Digestion and absorption • Mass transport Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms • DNA genes and chromosomes • DNA and protein synthesis • Genetic diversity • Species and taxonomy • Biodiversity Energy transfers in and between organisms • Photosynthesis • Respiration • Energy and ecosystems • Nutrient cycles Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments • Stimuli and response • Receptors • Control of heart rate • Nervous coordination • Skeletal muscles • Homeostasis Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems • Inheritance • Populations • Evolution • Populations in ecosystems The control of gene expression • DNA base sequence and proteins • Gene expression • Transcription and translation • Gene expression and cancer • Using genome projects • Gene technologies • DNA sequencing • Genetic fingerprinting